The Apostrophe in the German Language
Uses: To abbreviate the person pronoun 'es' and the indefinite article 'ein' as well as to mark the genitive for some people's names.
Contexts for use of the apostrophe
To abbreviate the personal pronoun "es"
The apostrophe can be used to abbreviate the pronoun es with an 's:
| No abbreviation | Abbreviated with apostrophe | Abbreviated without apostrophe |
| es | 's | s |
Wie geht es? ➜ Wie geht's?
(How's it going?)
You can omit the apostrophe as well even though it is not very common:
Wie gehts?
To abbreviate the indefinite article "ein"
The apostrophe can also be used to abbreviate the article ein to 'n.
These abbreviations are also applied to derivations of ein:
| No abbreviation | Abbreviated with apostrophe | Abbreviated without apostrophe |
| ein | 'n | n |
| eine | 'ne | ne |
| einen | 'nen | nen |
| eines | 'nes | nes |
| einem | 'nem | nem |
Example 1:
Ich habe 'ne Frage
I have a question
You could also say:
Ich habe ne Frage
Example 2:
Ich habe mir einen neuen Wagen gekauft
I bought myself a new car
In spoken language you would say:
Ich habe mir 'nen neuen Wagen gekauft
To mark the genitive of proper names
The apostrophe must be added to mark the genitive of proper names ending in "s", "x", "z", or "ß" which precede a noun that they specify:
Marx' Buch
Marx' Book
Luis' Vater
Luis' father
To clarify the use of names as adjectives
The suffix -'schen is used to turn names into adjectives. The apostrophe is to show the actual name with clarity (even though it can be used without an apostrophe if you wish):
Newton'sche
Newtonian (of Newton)
Newton'sche Mechanik
Newtonian Mechanics
Common questions about the apostrophe
| Question | Correct | Incorrect |
| Plural of CD | CDs | CD's |
| Abbreviation of: ich habe | ich hab | ich hab' |
| Abbreviation of: auf das | aufs | auf's |
Audiovisual Supplement
To conclude, we'll listen to a beautiful song from "Maya the Bee" (a Japanese, German and Austrian coproduction):
Next Lessons:
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